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Objective To study the factors that might influence the PSA-value. Methods Serum samples were collected from 165 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH),43 cases of prostate cancer (PCa) and 41 cases of chronic prostatitis (CP),both before and after digital rectal examination (DRE),cystoscope examination,indwelling catheterization and finasteride intake. Results In the BPH group,T-PSA elevated from (2.28?2.07)ng/ml to (4.77?5.23)ng/ml, P
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and side-effect between pulse cyclophosphamide (CTX) therapy and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) in lupus nephritis. Methods A group (CTX group): 30 patients were given intravenous cyclophosphamide (0.5 -0.75 g/m~2) pulse plus oral prednisone. All patients were treated for (18. 65 ?6. 10) (6 -24) months. B group (MMF group): 30 patients were given MMF at a dosage of 1. 0 -1. 5 g/d and oral prednisone. All patients were treated for (21. 89?7. 48) (6-48) months. Patients in two groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, severity of renal damage. Most patients in B group were refractory to cyclophosphamide therapy, and their histories were much longer than those of A group. Results CTX and MMF both reduced proteinuria and hematuria, and improved renal function and immune indexes CTX and MMF were effective on inhibiton of autoantibodies production. The mean therapeutic period of B group was significantly longer than that of A group, but the ontcome of two groups was similar. Liver toxicity and amenorrhea were not observed, while infections(13. 3% ), herpes zoster(6. 7% ), leukopenia(3. 3% ) were found during MMF treatment. And in CTX group, liver toxicity(23. 3% ), amenorrhea(28% ), infections(23. 3% ), herpes zoster( 10% ), leukopenia (10% ) occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of lupus nephritis, the combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone is as effective as the regimen of cyclophosphamide and prednisone but less toxicity.
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Objective To investigate the effects of IFN-? and IL-4 on MIP- ? production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in lupus nephritis (LN) Methods MIP-1? expression in supematants was determined by Elisa and MLP-l? mRNA in PBMC was detected by RT-PCR. Results (1) IFN-? increased MIP-1? prouduction of PBMC in LN. (2) IL-4 inhibited MIP-1? production of PBMC in LN. (3) No significant effect on PBMC in controls was found by either IFN-? or IL-4. Conclusion IFN-? enhances MLP- 1? production of PBMC in LN wherease LL-4 inhibits it.
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To clarify the clinical significance of alterations of Ha-ras, p53 and RB gene as well as infection with HPV16,18 in human bladder cancer, we examined the state of Ha-ras, p53 and RB genes, sequences of HPV16/18, and their association with clinicopathological parameters in 39 cases of bladder cancer and 7 cases of normal tissue, using nonisotopic PCR-SSCP and dot blot. The overall incidences of Ha-ras, p53 and RB gene mutation and HPV infection in tumor were 61.5% ,36% ,30.8% and 15.4% , respectively. The HPV positive rate was negatively correlated with clinical stage and pathological classification. Rather, the mutations of Ha-ras and p53 gene were positively correlated with the above clinical parameters. The incidence of Ha-ras gene mutation in recurring tumors was significantly higher than that in primary ones. A negative correlation between HPV infection and p53 mutation was also found. The results suggest that the above molecular events and their interaction play important roles in the development of bladder cancer, and that they wonld be of practical assistance in the prognosis and monitoring of bladder cancer.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different modes of mechanical ventilation on lung function during open heart surgery in children with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods Twenty-four patients with moderate PH aged 3 mon-12 yr 2mon (group M) and twenty-four patients with severe PH aged 3 mon-7yr 9mon (group S) were further divided randomly into 3 subgroups based on the modes of mechanical ventilation used: pressure-controlled ventilation(PCV) only and alveolar pressure (Palveo) was maintained at 0 cm H2O during CPB (group M1/S1 n = 8); PCV + PEEP (2 cm H2O) and Palveo was maintained at 2 cm H2O during CPB (group M2/S2 n = 8); and PCV+ PEEP (4 cm H2O) and Palveo was maintained at 4 cm H2O during CPB (group M3/S3 n=8). The patients were premedicated with atropine 0.01 mg ?kg -1 and midazolam 0. 1 mg?kg-1 . Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 20?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0. 1 mg?kg-1 and maintained with vecuronium infusion(70?g?kg-1?h-1 ) and inhalation of N2O-O2 and isoflurane. The children were mechanically ventilated after intubation and the ventilatory parameters were VT = 10-12 ml ?kg-1, F = 20 bpm and I : E = 1: 2. Lungs were lavaged and 2-3 ml of aspirate were taken for determination of surfactant. Total protein (TP), total phospholipid -(TPL), saturated phosphatidylcholine (Sat PC) and respiratory system compliance(Crs) was measured before skin incision( T0 ), before CPB (T,), at the end of CPB ( T2) and at the end of surgery(T3 ) . Results (1) Crs decreased significantly at T2 and T3 as compared with that at T0 and T1 in group M1/S1 and M2/S2 but in group M3/S3 there was no significant difference in Crs between T0, T1 and T2-3. (2) Sat PC/TPL and Sat PC/TP decreased significantly after CPB (T2, T3 ) in group M,/S, and M2/S2 but in group M3/S3 there was no significant difference in Sat PC/TP and Sat PC/TPL between T0-1 and T2-3. Conclusion PEEP 4 cm H2O can effectively prevent postoperative lung function from worsening in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing open heart surgery with CPB.
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Objective To investigate the relationship of apolipoprotein E ?4 allele to early cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery and to identify the predictors of cognitive decline after cardiac operation. Methods Two hundred and thirty patients aged over 18 yr undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were studied. They were capable of completing the preoperative cognitive function tests in terms of the education they had received. Patients with neurological or mental disease and those with serious hepato-renal or cardiac dysfunction were excluded. Cognitive function was evaluated using a battery of nine neuro-psychologieal tests before operation, at one week and 3 months after operation. Cognitive decline was defined as ≥20% decrement in 20% or more of the completed tests. The changes in the Z-based scores were used to evaluate the severity of cognitive decline. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to determine the relationship of ApoE genotype to cognitive decline and identify the predictors of postoperative cognitive decline ( POCD) after cardiac operation. Results The incidence of cognitive decline was as high as 51.9 % and 21.0% at 1 week and 3 months after operation respectively. The ?4 allele was present in 7.4 % , ?3 allele in 86.1 % and ?2 allele in 6.5 % of the 230 patients. The cognitive decline was not significantly associated with the presence or absence of the ?4 allele. The ?4 allele was associated with poor baseline performance. Age, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), duration of endotracheal intubation were predictors of cognitive impairment after cardiac operation. There was positive correlation between the neuro-psychological test scores at 1 week and 3 months after operation. Conclusion The results suggest that age, the use of CPB and duration of endotracheal intubation are the predictors of POCD. The ?4 allele is not associated with POCD after cardiac operation. The cognitive dysfunction at 3 months after operation is positively correlated with the level of cognitive decline at 1 week after operation.
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Objective To investigate the inhibition of low-dose aprotinin on systematic inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Twenty-eight ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients(male 13, female 15) undergoing valve replacement were studied. The age ranged from 27 to 55 years and body weight from 37 to 70 kg. CPB time ranged from 66 to 218 mm and aortic cross clamping time from 30 to 140 min . The patients were divided into two groups: control group(n=14) and aprotinin group(n = 14) Premedication included intramuscular phenobarbital sodium 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous midazolam 0. lmg/kg, fentanyl 20-30?g/kg and vecuronium 0. 1-0. 12mg/kg, and maintained with intermittent bolus injection of fentanyl and vecuronium supplemented with isoflurane inhalation. In aprotinin group aprotinin 1?106KIU was infused after induction of anesthesia until thoracotomy, after thoracotomy aprotinin was infused at a rate of 2.5? 106 KIU/h and aprotinin 2. 5 ?106KIU was added to the prime fluid as suggested by Levy. Blood samples were obtained before anesthesia, before CPB and 1h and 24h after CPB for determination of CD11b and CD18 expression on the surface of neutrophil by immunofluoresence flow cytometry. Results The expression of CD11b or CD18 and CPB time were positively correlated(?= 0.644, 0.538, P0.05). 1 h after CPB CD11b/ CD18 expression increased significantly in the control group and was significantly higher than that in the aprotinin group, but at 24h after CPB only CD11b expression in control group was significantly higher than that in aprotinin group. In aprotinin group there was no significant difference in CD11b/CD18 expression between the four intervals.Conclusions CPB-induced systematic inflammatory response may be positively correlated with CPB time. Low dose aprotinin can inhibit the increase in CD11b/CD18 expression after CPB.
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Objective Intramuscular ketamine is often used for premedication in children. Premeditation can also be administered perorally in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different compounds of ketamine given perorally as premedication in children. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ pediatnc patients weighing 10-30 kg undergoing urologic operation were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 patients each : (1) control group received atropme 0.015 mg ? kg-1 im 30 min before surgery; (2) DA group received intramuscular diazepam 0.2 mg?kg-1 and atropine 0.015 mg?kg-1 30 min before operation; (3) (4) (5) KMA groups received ketamine 3 mg?kg-1 (K3MA) or5mg?kg-1 (K5MA) or 8mg?kg-1 ( K8 MA) + midazolam 0.5 mg?kg-1 + atropine 0.03 mg?kg per os 30 min before operation. SpO2 and heart rate (HR) were monitored and recorded before premedication and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 min after premedication. Peak effect time, duration of operation and emergence time were also recorded. Sedation, anxiolysis and behaviour at separation from parents, during venepuncture and induction were graded and assessed. Results There was no significant difference in duration of operation among the five groups. The peak effect time in the three KMA groups was shorter than that in control and DA group and was shortest in K8MA group. The three KMA groups were significantly better than control and DA group and the K8 MA group was the best in terms of sedation, anxiolysis and analgesia. The incidence of adverse effects like diploplia headache and agitation was higher in K8MA group. Conclusion K5MA group provides satisfactory sedation and analgesia similer to Kg MA group with less side-effects, so is the oral ketamine compound of choice for premedication in children.
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In 1989 ,a general survey of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in 44 747 Shanxi peasants,as well as Beijing and Liaoning workers and cadres revealed that the prevalence rate of diabetes and IGT was 2. 02% and 2. 95 % respectively. The former was greatly increased in comparison with that in 1979. The prevalences of diabetes and IGT in Beijing and Liaoning were much higher than in Shanxi, where the caloric-intake and the percentages of overweight and obesity in peasants were much lower. The prevalence rate of diabetes and IGT increased with age,with the peak in 60s. Most of patients with diabetes or IGT were non-obese, but it was significantly higher in overweight or obesity groups. These indicate that aging,lack of physical exercise,overeating and obesity are major factors in increasing the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus and IGT. A significant difference in prevalence rate of diabetes between male and female was found. Its cause and significance need further study.
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ve To explore the methods for sanitary safety test of water purifier. Methods The water purifiers using active carbon, KDF and molecular sieve as absorptive materials and hollow fibers as filter materials were collected for sanitary safety test. The water purifiers were irrigated by pure water continuously for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min respectively first, and then were immersed continuously for 24 h by pure water, the variations of turbid-ity, pH value, total dissolved solid and chemical oxygen demand (COD), etc, of the immersing water were observed. The water purifiers were also irrigated continuously for 1 h at first, and then were immersed continuously for 5, 15, 24, 48, 72 h and 1 week by pure water respectively, in the end, the variations of those 4 sanitary indexes mentioned above were also detected. Results Significant differences were observed in those 4 indexes between the immering water samples obtained after 15 min-irrigation and 30 min-irrigation, 30 min-irrigation and 45 min-irrigation (P
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ve To explore the characteristics of water quality of underground water in chronic endemic arsenic poisoning areas of Hohhot. Methods 74 underground water samples were collected from chronic endemic ar-senic poisoning areas of Hohhot in Nov. 1998 and Apr. 1999 respectively for water quality analysis. The analysis and comparision of every indexes of water quality of high-arsenic water samples (As≥50?g/L) and low-arsenic water samples (As
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This article presents an advanced dental diagnostic instrument-the pre-pain sensation electric pulp tester with current indication. The tester adopts an alternating current signal generator with a specific frequency as the stim- ulating source which can induce a pre—pain sensation similar to a cool-sour feeling or tingling without causing any pain when the current flows through the patient's dental pulp.The dentist can judge the vitality of the dental pulp by the data displ.ayed on the tester.The tester is superior to other similar instruments both at home and abroad with its better accuracy and repeatability. This instrument adopts the integrated circuit and some other new techniques such as automatic boost,automatic switching on and off of the power and automatic data-holding. Compact,light and easy to operate it has high reliability,safety and low power consumption. At present,it is a more advanced dental electric pulp tester.
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The toxioity of rivanol(home product)in animals was investigated according to the standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Acute toxicity ,subacute toxicity and cumulative toxicity in mice,sensi-tization in guinea pigs and subchronic toxicity in dogs were tested. In acute toxicity test,the LD50 (IV)was 18. 494?2. 90mg/kg,which belonged to be a moderate toxic substances. When the dose was 1mg/kg,no toxic effect was observed in any animal. When the dose(IV)increased to 5mg/kg, mild degeneration and focal necrosis of cells,infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of Kuffer'cells were shown in liver of mice while no toxic effect was observed in dogs. In cumulative toxicity test,the LD50 was 19. 3mg/kg which was more than Ld50 suggested that there was some tolerance and cumulative toxicity effect might not be present in mice. There was no sensitization showed in guinea pigs when rivanol was given via abdomenal administration.
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The histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the lungs of 11 pigs suffering from comminuted fracture of the femur produced by high-velocity sieel bullet were studied. The steel bullet was 7.62 mm in diameter and 1.03 g in weight. The pulmonary changes were observed 24, 48, and 72 hours after injury.It was found that microvascular congestion, aggregation of RBC and WBC, and degranulation of WBC were prominent features 24 hours after injury. The basement membrane of the endothelium was broken. Type I pneumocytes became swollen and deteriorated. The lamellar bodies of Type II pneumocytes were evacuated rapidly. 48 to 72 hours after injury, these pathological changes gradually ameliorated.The pulmonary pathology occurring after bullet - induced fracture observed in this study is similar to that of adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in character but much milder in intensity. Its prognosis is always fine. Most of the experimental animals showed no symptoms or signs of ARDS. It is concluded that severe limb trauma can induce subclinical ARDS.
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The beta and gamma chain gene rearrangements of the T-cell receptors(TCR)were studied with Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in 13 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with T-cell phenotype.It was found that 11 out of the 13 cases(86%)exhibited TCR beta gene rearragnement and 12 out of the 13(91%)displayed TCR gamma gene rearrangement.The findings suggest that gene rearrangements are more sensitive and specific markers to establish T-cell monoclonality and lineage and helpful to the morphological diagnosis and immunophenotyping for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Effect of exercise on placental blood flow and fetal heart rate was studied using Acuson 128 color computer ultrasound equipment The subjects were ten healthy women ranging from 27 to 35 gesta- ' tional weeks (mean 30.7 weeks). After exercise, the matcrnal mean arterial pressure increased significantly, maternal heart rate rose and amounted to 60%-75% of maximal heart rate (both P0.05). The fetal heart rale rose but within normal limit. These showed that the responses of maternal blood vessel and fetal blood vessel of placenta to the exercise were different This intensity and time of exercise could improve uterine blood flow and reduce its vascular resistance. However, they didn't influence the umbilical artery blood flow. Also the change of fetal heart rate was within normal limit. It is concluded that the moderate and non-exhaustive maternal exercise can improve the supply of the placental blood flow and benefit to the 2nd and 3rd trimister healthy pregnant women.